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TechnicalMost popular FAQs
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The home location register (HLR) is a central database that contains details of each mobile phone subscriber that is authorized to use the GSM core network. There can be several logical, and physical, HLRs per public land mobile network (PLMN), though one international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)/MSISDN pair can be associated with only one logical HLR (which can span several physical nodes) at a time.
The HLRs store details of every SIM card issued by the mobile phone operator. Each SIM has a unique identifier called an IMSI which is the primary key to each HLR record.
Another important item of data associated with the SIM are the MSISDNs, which are the telephone numbers used by mobile phones to make and receive calls. The primary MSISDN is the number used for making and receiving voice calls and SMS, but it is possible for a SIM to have other secondary MSISDNs associated with it for fax and data calls. Each MSISDN is also a primary key to the HLR record. The HLR data is stored for as long as a subscriber remains with the mobile phone operator.
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A home location register (HLR) is an integral part of all GSM network architecture. The HLR allows third parties to query whether a subscriber is registered on the network and also information such as their endpoint or whereabouts.
This information allows third parties to set up calls or messaging to that party without using the host networks infrastructure (eg, in the case of SMS messaging, without using the destination networks' SMSC).
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With the rise of the social internet and the ubiquity of e-commerce, spammers and phishers have a tremendous financial incentive to compromise user accounts, enabling theft of passwords, bank accounts, credit cards, and more. Email is easy to spoof and criminals have found spoofing to be a proven way to exploit user trust of well-known brands. Simply inserting the logo of a well known brand into an email gives it instant legitimacy with many users.
Users can't tell a real message from a fake one, and large mailbox providers have to make very difficult (and frequently incorrect) choices about which messages to deliver and which ones might harm users. Senders remain largely unaware of problems with their authentication practices because there's no scalable way for them to indicate they want feedback and where it should be sent. Those attempting new SPF and DKIM deployment proceed very slowly and cautiously because the lack of feedback also means they have no good way to monitor progress and debug problems.
DMARC addresses these issues, helping email senders and receivers work together to better secure emails, protecting users and brands from painfully costly abuse.
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You can import your contacts by either uploading a .CSV file or simply copying and pasting from a spreadsheet. A web server is a number of large computers, known as servers, housed in an air-conditioned server house known as a data centre where they are connected to a highly efficient, fault-tolerance high-speed internet connection.
A tutorial video has been made to help show you how to add your contacts -
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Web servers are able to handle hundreds of thousands of requests a second and can return back this information quickly, providing the visitor of a website with the information they were looking for in no time at all.
It is big business to keep servers online – this is called uptime and it is the measurement of how long as server is online and functional for during the period of a month, or year. A lot of hosting companies boast their servers have 99.9% uptime, which means 99.9% of the time (per month) their servers are online and functional, meaning all websites hosted on their servers will be working.
There are many different types of web server available, such as dedicated servers, load balancing servers, database servers and many more. If you’re just starting out on the web and need the basic type of web server, look out for fully managed shared hosting, which means the hosting company maintains the server you’re on, along with the other people that share it. Its often the cheapest solution if you’re a beginner.
Technical FAQs
How does DKIM work?
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DKIM allows a signer to attach a digital signature to each message that is being sent. Any verifier receiving a message can easily determine whether the domain that claimed to have signed the message actually did. For example, if you receive a message that has a valid signature from your bank, you can be quite certain that your bank actually did sign that message. The signature can also be used to validate that the contents of the message have not been altered since it was signed.
The underlying technology is called public key cryptography (you may also see this called "asymmetric cryptography"). For the purposes of DKIM, the main point is that there are actually two keys, called the public key and the private key. The private key can be used to sign the message, and it must be kept secret. But the public key can only be used to verify the signature, and hence can be widely published. Someone having only the public key cannot create a false signature. A signer simply signs messages using its private key and publishes the public key using DNS (the existing Internet system used to convert domain names to numerical addresses, allowing you to type in "sendmail.com" rather than "209.246.26.25").
The signature itself is included in the header of the message (the portion at the top which includes the sender name, the date of the message, and the message subject). Most end users won't even see this header field.
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